As noted in the website summary of this instrument by the Council of Europe:

"This Protocol entails an extension of the Cybercrime Convention's scope, including its substantive, procedural and international cooperation provisions, so as to cover also offences of racist or xenophobic propaganda. Thus, apart from harmonising the substantive law elements of such behaviour, the Protocol aims at improving the ability of the Parties to make use of the means and avenues of international cooperation set out in the Convention in this area."

Because it raises the question of free speech versus protection from harmful content, this Protocol goes to the heart of one of the key issues in the jurisdictional struggle over which country's law applies in cyberspace.